1.英文诗词从哪些方面赏析英文诗歌赏析技巧（转） Appreciation of English Poetry 诗以高度凝结的语言表达着人们的喜怒哀乐，用其特有的节奏与方式影响着人们的精神世界。 诗讲究联想，运用象征、比喻、拟人等各种修辞手法，形成了独特的语言艺术。 英诗浩如烟海，篇幅长短不一。 为使大家了解英诗，并能欣赏，请大家学习以下四个方面的内容：诗的格律、诗的押韵、诗的体式、诗的评判。 一、诗的格律 格律是是每个音步轻重音节排列的格式，也是朗读时轻重音的依据。 而音步是由重读音节和非重读音节构成的诗的分析单位。重读音节为扬（重），非重读音节为抑（轻），音步之间可用“/”隔开。 以下是五种常见格式： 1.抑扬格（轻重格）Iambus：是最常见的一种格式，每个音步由一个非重读音节加一个重读音节构成。 As fair / art thou / my bon/nie lass, So deep / in luve / am I : And I / will luve / thee still,/ my dear, Till a` / the seas / gang dry： 注： art=are thou=you luve=love thee[thou的宾格] bonnie=beautifl a`=all gang=go 上例中为四音步与三音步交叉。 2.扬抑格（重轻格）Trochee：每个音步由一个重读音节加一个非重读音节构成。 下例中为四音步扬抑格（少一个轻音节）。 Tiger!/ Tiger!/ burning / bright In the / forests / of the / night 3. 抑抑扬格（轻轻重格）Anapaestic foot： 每个音步由两个非重读音节加一个重读音节构成。如：三音步抑抑扬格 Like a child / from the womb, Like a ghost / from the tomb, I arise / and unbuild / it again. 4. 扬抑抑格（重轻轻格）Dactylic foot： 每个音步由一个重读音节加两个非重读音节构成。 如：两音步扬抑抑格 ˊTouch her not / scornfully， ˊThink of her / mournfully. 5.抑扬抑格（轻重轻格）Amphibrach：每个音步由一个非重读音节加一个重读音节再加一个非重读音节构成。如：三音步抑扬抑格） 下例中双音步为抑扬格。 O hush thee / my baby / thy sire was / a knight. 在同一首诗中常会出现不同的格律，格律解析对朗读诗歌有一定参考价值。现代诗中常不遵守规范的格律。 二、诗的押韵 押韵是指通过重复元音或辅音以达到一定音韵效果的诗歌写作手法。 1. 尾韵：最常见，最重要的押韵方式。 1） 联韵：aabb型。 I shot an arrow into the air, It fell to earth, I knew not where; For, so swiftly it flew, the sight Could not follow it in its flight. 2） 交叉韵：abab型。 Sunset and evening star, And one clear call for me! And may there be no moaning of the bar, When I put out to sea, 3）同韵：有的诗押韵，一韵到底，大多是在同一节诗中共用一个韵脚。如下例就共用/i:p/为韵脚。 The woods are lovely, dark and deep, But I have promises to keep, And miles to go before I sleep, And miles to go before I sleep. 2.头韵：是指一行（节）诗中几个词开头的辅音相同，形成押韵。下例中运用/f/、/b/与/s/头韵生动写出了船在海上轻快航行的景象。 The fair breeze blew, the white foam flew, The furrow followed free, We were the first that ever burst Into that silent sea. 3.内韵（同元音）：指词与词之间元音的重复形成的内部押韵。 下面一节诗中/i/及/iη/重复照应，呈现出一派欢乐祥和的气氛。 Spring, the sweet spring, is the year's pleasant king; Then blooms each thing, then maids dance in a ring, Cold doth not sting, the pretty birds do sing: Cuckoo, jug-jug, pu-we, to-witta-woo！ 三、诗的体式 有的诗分成几节（stanza），每节由若干诗行组成（每行诗均以大写字母开头）；有的诗则不分节。目前我们常见的诗体有： 1. 十四行诗 （Sonnet），源于中世纪民间抒情短诗，十三、十四世纪流行于意大利，意大利彼特拉克（Petrarch）为代表人物，每行十一个音节，全诗一节八行，加一节六行，韵脚用abba, abba, cdcdcd (cdecde)。 前八行提问，后六行回答。 后来，怀亚特（Thomas Wyatt,1503-1542）将十四行诗引人英国，五音步抑扬格，全诗三个四行一个二行，前三节提问，后二句结论。 斯宾塞（Edmund Spenser,1552-1599）用韵脚 abab, bcbc,cdcd,ee。莎士比亚（William Shakespeare,1564-1616）用韵脚abab,cdcd,dfdf,gg，称英国式或莎士比亚式。 Sonnet 60 Like as the waves make towards the pibbled shore, So do our minutes hasten to their end; Each changing place with that which goes before, In sequent toil all forwards do contend, Nativity, once in the main of light, Crawls to maturity, wherewith being crowned, Crooked eclipses against his glory fight, And time that gave doth now his gift confound. Time doth transfix the flourish set on youth And delves the parallels in beauty's brow, Feeds on the rarities but for his scythe to move. And nothing stands but for his scythe to move. And yet to times in hope my verse shall stand, Praising thy worth, despite his cruel hand. Notes: 1. pibbled : pebbled 铺着卵石的 2.In sequent toil all forwards do contend: Toiling and following each othe, the waves struggle to press forward. 波浪前推后涌，一个个在奋勇争先。此处是比喻，。 2.求英文版的唐诗宋词任意哪首都行,及其英文赏析 急·A Note for an Absent Recluse When I questioned your pupil, under a pine-tree, "My teacher," he answered, "went for herbs, But toward which corner of the mountain, How can I tell, through all these clouds?" （这首我读了4遍才猜出来，汗~） ·寻隐者不遇 贾岛 松下问童子 言师采药去 只在此山中 云深不知处 ·草 离离原上草，一岁一枯荣。 野火烧不尽，春风吹又生。 ·It's like a range when you look at the mountain from the front. But it's like a peak When you look at it sideways. The mountain shows its different features In different levels near and far. You don't know the real Lushan Mountain, Because you are in the mountain yourself. 3.宋词译英文.宋词译英文.意译其心境.不必押韵.谢谢.鹊桥仙（宋） 爱问这是江绍伦译的版本： Clouds float creating wonders like artist feats Stars' fleeting regret repeats Across the Milky Way the Cowherd Star silently goes to his annual retreat A single moment together amid golden breeze and jade dew Can eclipse all human affections in multiple heat Their love flows tenderly as water This happy date seems but a dream They had to leave the Magpie Bridge to go each their own way When lovers promise to love forever Need they measure togetherness by hours and day。 4.关于唐诗的英文鉴赏李商隐的 这是一首专咏落花的唐诗。首联写落花与人的心情，含蓄蕴籍耐人寻味。颔联从不同角度描写落花“乱飞”的具体情状。颈联直接抒发情感，巴望花不再落而不能。末联写花为装点春天而开，却落得飘零沾衣的结局。表达了素怀壮志，不见用于世的凄婉和感慨。全诗洋溢着伤春惜花之感，情思如痴，委婉动人。 Li Shangyin This is a special flower of the Tang Yong. The first written in conjunction with the flower's heart, subtle and intriguing Yun Ji. Maxillary joint from different angles describe Flower "flying" concrete-like situation. Neck joint direct expression of emotion, no longer look forward to spending can not be charged. Joint written at the end of spring flowers to decorate and open, but end up wandering Zhanyi ending. Huai-expressed determination to see the world of emotion and Qi Wan. Filled with a poem Shangchunxihua feeling, emotion, such as Chi, moving euphemism. 希望能够帮助到你吧！~ 5.用英文写“如何鉴赏唐诗”落花 李商隐 高阁客竟去，小园花乱飞。 参差连曲陌，迢递送斜阳。 赏析： 李商隐的这是一首专咏落花的唐诗。首联写落花与人的心情，含蓄蕴籍耐人寻味。颔联从不同角度描写落花“乱飞”的具体情状。颈联直接抒发情感，巴望花不再落而不能。末联写花为装点春天而开，却落得飘零沾衣的结局。表达了素怀壮志，不见用于世的凄婉和感慨。全诗洋溢着伤春惜花之感，情思如痴，委婉动人。 Li Shangyin This is a special flower of the Tang Yong. The first written in conjunction with the flower's heart, subtle and intriguing Yun Ji. Maxillary joint from different angles describe Flower "flying" concrete-like situation. Neck joint direct expression of emotion, no longer look forward to spending can not be charged. Joint written at the end of spring flowers to decorate and open, but end up wandering Zhanyi ending. Huai-expressed determination to see the world of emotion and Qi Wan. Filled with a poem Shangchunxihua feeling, emotion, such as Chi, moving euphemism. 6.我需要高中级别以上的唐诗宋词各20首以及翻译赏析与诸子登岘首 孟浩然 人事有代谢， 往来成古今。 江山留胜迹， 我辈复登临。 水落鱼梁浅， 天寒梦泽深。 羊公碑尚在， 读罢泪沾襟。 这是一首吊古伤今的诗。所谓吊古，是凭吊岘首山的羊公碑。据《晋书·羊祜传》，羊祜镇荆襄时，常到此山置酒言咏。有一次，他对同游者喟然叹曰：“自有宇宙，便有此山，由来贤达胜士，登此远望如我与卿者多矣，皆湮灭无闻，使人悲伤！”羊祜生前有政绩，死后，襄阳百姓于岘山建碑立庙，“岁时飨祭焉。望其碑者，莫不流涕。”作者登上岘首山，见到羊公碑，自然会想到羊祜。由吊古而伤今，不由感叹起自己的身世来。 “人事有代谢，往来成古今”，是一个平凡的真理。大至朝代更替，小至一家兴衰，以及人们的生老病死、悲欢离合，人事总是在不停止地变化着，有谁没有感觉到呢？寒来暑往，春去秋来，时光也在不停止地流逝着，这又有谁没有感觉到呢？首联凭空落笔，似不着题，却引出了作者的浩瀚心事。 第二联紧承第一联。“江山留胜迹”是承“古”字，“我辈复登临”是承“今”字。作者的伤感情绪，便是来自今日的登临。 第三联写登山所见。“浅”指水，由于“水落”，鱼梁洲更多地呈露出水面，故称“浅”；“深”指梦泽，辽阔的云梦泽，一望无际，令人感到深远。登山远望，水落石出，草木凋零，一片萧条景象。作者抓住了当时当地所特有的景物，提炼出来，既能表现出时序为严冬，又烘托了作者心情的伤感。 “羊公碑尚在”，一个“尚”字，十分有力，它包含了复杂的内容。羊祜镇守襄阳，是在晋初，而孟浩然写这首诗却在盛唐，中隔四百余年，朝代的更替，人事的变迁，是多么巨大！然而羊公碑却还屹立在岘首山上，令人敬仰。与此同时，又包含了作者伤感的情绪。四百多年前的羊祜，为国（指晋）效力，也为人民做了一些好事，是以名垂千古，与山俱传；想到自己至今仍为“布衣”，无所作为，死后难免湮没无闻，这和“尚在”的羊公碑，两相对比，令人伤感，因之，就不免“读罢泪沾襟”了。 这首诗前两联具有一定的哲理性，后两联既描绘了景物，富有形象，又饱含了作者的激情，这就使得它成为诗人之诗而不是哲人之诗。同时，语言通俗易懂，感情真挚动人，以平淡深远见长。清沈德潜评孟浩然诗，“从静悟中得之，故语淡而味终不薄。”这首诗的确有如此情趣。 |